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Oscilloscope and Hand Held Test Equipment Primer and Comparisons

June 8, 2009

An oscilloscope (AKA scope or o-scope) is a piece of general-purpose electronic test equipment that allows signal voltages to be viewed, usually as a two-dimensional graph of one or more electrical potential differences (vertical axis) plotted as a function of time or of some other voltage (horizontal axis). The oscilloscope is one of the most versatile and widely used electronic test instruments. Oscilloscopes are used when it is desired to observe the exact wave shape of an electrical signal.

Mixed Signal Oscilloscopes:

A mixed signal oscilloscope (MSO) has two kinds of inputs, a small number of analog channels, and a larger number of digital channels. These measurements are acquired with a single time base, they are viewed on a single display, and any combination of these signals can be used to trigger the oscilloscope. An MSO combines all the measurement capabilities and the usability of a Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) with some of the measurement capabilities of a logic analyzer.

Digital Storage Oscilloscopes:

The digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) is now preferred for most industrial applications, although simple analog oscilloscopes are still being used by hobbyists. The digital storage oscilloscope replaces the storage method used in analog storage scopes with a digital memory, which can store data without degradation. It also allows complex processing of the signal by high-speed digital signal processing circuits. The vertical input, instead of driving the vertical amplifier, is digitized by an analog to digital converter to create a data set that is stored in the memory of a microprocessor. The data set is processed and then sent to the display, which in early DSOs was a cathode ray tube (CRT), but is now more likely to be an LCD display.

(Digital) Sampling Oscilloscopes:

A digital sampling oscilloscope is accurate at capturing signals whose frequency components are much higher than the oscilloscope’s sample rate. This type of oscilloscope is capable of measuring signals exponentially faster than any other oscilloscope. It can achieve bandwidth and high-speed timing 10x higher than other oscilloscopes for repetitive signals. The digital sampling oscilloscope reverses the position of the attenuator | amplifier and the sampling bridge. The dynamic range of most sampling oscilloscopes are limited.

Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes

A digital phosphor oscilloscope (DPO) offers a new approach to oscilloscope structure that enables a DPO to deliver unique acquisition and display capabilities to accurately reconstruct a signal. A DSO uses a serial-processing architecture to capture, display and analyze signals, while a DPO has a parallel-processing architecture to perform these functions. The DPO architecture dedicates unique ASIC hardware to acquire waveform images, delivering high waveform capture rates that result in a higher level of signal visualization. This increases the probability of witnessing transient events that occur in digital systems, such as glitches or transition errors.

Hand Held Test Equipment:

Years ago hand held test equipment usually meant having an analog VOM meter. The newest hand-held test instruments currently available actually produce better results than most of the older heavy tabletop, and laboratory-grade equipment available just a few years ago and are available for a much wider range of testing applications. A lot of diagnostic and setup work involves portable, handheld test equipment in the plant as well as in the field. Test equipment associated with the terms- small, portable and handheld no longer indicates limitations on test and measurement performance. Multifunctional handheld test and measurement tools offer real productivity advantages. A meter that can take several measurements makes it easier for a technician to cover the plant floor quickly. Users are finding that recent advances in the technology and sophistication of handheld devices for specific applications provide many performance benefits. Testing performed by handheld devices currently include: Spectral Analysis, Communications Monitoring, Insulation Testing, Network Trouble-Shooting, Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry, Electrical and Optical Ethernet Testing, Advanced IP Test, T1 Testing, PCM TIMS Test, PCM Signaling Test, DS1 Testing, Various Calibrations and many, many more test, maintenance and support applications.

A comparison of technical specifications from some popular oscilloscope models:

100 MHz Oscilloscopes	Tektronix		Tektronix		Agilent		LeCroy
	DPO2012/2014		TDS3012C/3014C		DSO5012A/5014A		WaveJet 312A/314A
Bandwidth		100 MHz		100 MHz		100 MHz		100 MHz
Standard Memory (Per Ch)	ü	1 Mpts/ch	X	10 kpts/ch	X	500 kpts/ch	X	500 kpts/ch
Standard Memory (Max)	ü	1 Mpts/ch	X	10 kpts/ch	ü	1 Mpts/ch	X	500 kpts/ch
Memory with Option (Per Ch)	X	1 Mpts/ch	X	10 kpts/ch	ü	4 Mpts/ch	X	500 kpts/ch
Memory with Option (Max)	X	1 Mpts/ch	X	10 kpts/ch	ü	8 Mpts/ch	X	500 kpts/ch
Equivalent Time Sample Rate	X	NA	X	NA	ü	400 GS/s	X	100 GS/s
Sample Rate (Per Ch)	X	1 GS/s	X	1.25 GS/s	ü	2 GS/s	X	1 GS/s
Sample Rate (Max)	X	1 GS/s	X	1.25 GS/s	ü	2 GS/s	X	1 GS/s
Display Size	X	7″	X	6.3″	ü	6.3″	ü	7.5″
History (Replay) Mode	X	No	X	No	X	No	ü	Yes
# of Measurements	ü	29	X	26	X	21	X	26
Math Functions	X	+, -, x	X	+, -, x, /, FFT	ü	+, -, x, FFT, Derivative, Integral, Square Root	X	+, -, x, FFT
USB Connectivity	ü	Host, Device, Printing	X	Host	X	Host, Device	ü	Host, Device, Printing
Local Language User-Interface	X	No	ü	Yes	X	No	ü	Yes
Acquisition Modes	X	Real Time, Peak Detect, Averaging	X	Real Time, Peak Detect, Averaging, Envelope	ü	Real Time, Peak Detect, Averaging, Hi-Res	X	Real Time, Peak Detect, Averaging
Waveform Search	ü	Yes	X	No	X	No	X	No
MSO Available	ü	Yes	X	No	ü	Yes	X	No

200 MHz Oscilloscopes	Tektronix		LeCroy
	DPO2024		WaveJet 322A/324A
Bandwidth		200 MHz		200 MHz
Standard Memory (Per Ch)	ü	1 Mpts/ch	X	500 kpts/ch
Standard Memory (Max)	ü	1 Mpts/ch	X	500 kpts/ch
Memory with Option (Per Ch)	ü	1 Mpts/ch	X	500 kpts/ch
Memory with Option (Max)	ü	1 Mpts/ch	X	500 kpts/ch
Equivalent Time Sample Rate	X	NA	ü	100 GS/s
Sample Rate (Per Ch)	ü	1 GS/s	ü	1 GS/s
Sample Rate (Max)	X	1 GS/s	ü	2 GS/s
Display Size	X	7″	ü	7.5″
History (Replay) Mode	X	No	ü	Yes
# of Measurements	ü	29	X	26
Math Functions	X	+, -, x	ü	+, -, x, FFT
USB Connectivity	ü	Host, Device, Printing	ü	Host, Device, Printing
Local Language User-Interface	X	No	ü	Yes
Acquisition Modes	ü	Real Time, Peak Detect, Averaging	ü	Real Time, Peak Detect, Averaging
Waveform Search	ü	Yes	X	No
MSO Available	ü	Yes	X	No

300-350 MHz Oscilloscopes	Tektronix		LeCroy
	TDS3032C/3034C		WaveJet 332A/334A
Bandwidth		350 MHz		350 MHz
Standard Memory (Per Ch)	X	10 kpts/ch	ü	500 kpts/ch
Standard Memory (Max)	X	10 kpts/ch	ü	500 kpts/ch
Memory with Option (Per Ch)	X	10 kpts/ch	ü	500 kpts/ch
Memory with Option (Max)	X	10 kpts/ch	ü	500 kpts/ch
Equivalent Time Sample Rate	X	NA	ü	100 GS/s
Sample Rate (Per Ch)	ü	2.5 GS/s	X	1 GS/s
Sample Rate (Max)	ü	2.5 GS/s	X	2 GS/s
Display Size	X	6.3″	ü	7.5″
History (Replay) Mode		No
# of Measurements	ü	26	ü	26
Math Functions	ü	+, -, x, /, FFT	X	+, -, x, FFT
USB Connectivity	X	Host	ü	Host, Device, Printing
Local Language User-Interface	ü	Yes	ü	Yes
Acquisition Modes	ü	Real Time, Peak Detect, Averaging, Envelope	X	Real Time, Peak Detect, Averaging
Waveform Search	X	No	X	No
MSO Available	X	No	X	No

500 MHz Oscilloscopes	Tektronix		LeCroy
	TDS3052C/3054C		WaveJet 352A/354A
Bandwidth		500 MHz		500 MHz
Standard Memory (Per Ch)	X	10 kpts/ch	ü	500 kpts/ch
Standard Memory (Max)	X	10 kpts/ch	ü	500 kpts/ch
Memory with Option (Per Ch)	X	10 kpts/ch	ü	500 kpts/ch
Memory with Option (Max)	X	10 kpts/ch	ü	500 kpts/ch
Equivalent Time Sample Rate	X	NA	ü	100 GS/s
Sample Rate (Per Ch)	ü	5 GS/s	X	1 GS/s
Sample Rate (Max)	ü	5 GS/s	X	2 GS/s
Display Size	X	6.3″	ü	7.5″
History (Replay) Mode	X	No	ü	Yes
# of Measurements	ü	26	ü	26
Math Functions	ü	+, -, x, /, FFT	X	+, -, x, FFT
USB Connectivity	X	Host	ü	Host, Device, Printing
Local Language User-Interface	ü	Yes	ü	Yes
Acquisition Modes	ü	Real Time, Peak Detect, Averaging, Envelope	X	Real Time, Peak Detect, Averaging
Waveform Search	X	No	X	No
MSO Available	X	No	X	No

300-400 MHz Oscilloscopes	Tektronix		LeCroy		Tektronix		Agilent		LeCroy
	DPO3032/DPO3034		WaveSurfer 42Xs-A/44Xs-A		DPO4034		DSO7032A/DSO7034A		WaveSurfer 44MXs-A
Bandwidth		300 MHz		400 MHz		350 MHz		350 MHz		400 MHz
Sample Rate (Per Ch)	ü	2.5 GS/s	ü	2.5 GS/s	ü	2.5 GS/s	X	2 GS/s	ü	2.5 GS/s
Sample Rate (Max)	ü	2.5 GS/s	ü	2.5 GS/s	ü	2.5 GS/s	X	2 GS/s	ü	2.5 GS/s
Standard Memory (Per Ch)	ü	5 Mpts/ch	ü	5 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch	X	4 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch
Standard Memory (Max)	ü	5 Mpts/ch	ü	5 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch	X	8 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch
Memory with Option (Per Ch)	X	5 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch	X	4 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch
Memory with Option (Max)	X	5 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch	X	8 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch
Display Size	X	9″	ü	10.4″	X	10.4″	ü	12.1″	X	10.4″
Touch Screen	X	No	ü	Yes	X	No	X	No	ü	Yes
Waveform Search	ü	Yes	ü	Yes	ü	Yes	X	No	ü	Yes
Report Generator	X	No	X	No	X	No	X	No	ü	Yes
MSO Available	X	No	ü	Yes	ü	Yes	ü	Yes	ü	Yes

500-600 MHz Oscilloscopes	Tektronix		LeCroy		Tektronix		Agilent		LeCroy
	DPO3052/DPO3054		WaveSurfer 62Xs-A/64Xs-A		DPO4054		DSO7052A/DSO7054A		WaveSurfer 64MXs-A
Bandwidth		500 MHz		600 MHz		500 MHz		500 MHz		600 MHz
Sample Rate (Per Ch)	ü	2.5 GS/s	ü	2.5 GS/s	ü	2.5 GS/s	X	2 GS/s	ü	2.5 GS/s
Sample Rate (Max	ü	2.5 GS/s	ü	2.5 GS/s	X	2.5 GS/s	X	4 GS/s	ü	5 GS/s
Standard Memory (Per Ch)	ü	5 Mpts/ch	ü	5 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch	X	4 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch
Standard Memory (Max)	ü	5 Mpts/ch	ü	5 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch	X	8 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch
Memory with Option (Per Ch)	X	5 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch	X	4 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch
Memory with Option (Max)	X	5 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch	X	8 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch
Display Size	X	9″	ü	10.4″	X	10.4″	ü	12.1″	X	10.4″
Touch Screen	X	No	ü	Yes	X	No	X	No	ü	Yes
Waveform Search	ü	Yes	ü	Yes	ü	Yes	X	No	ü	Yes
Report Generator	X	No	X	No	X	No	X	No	ü	Yes
MSO Available	X	No	ü	Yes	ü	Yes	ü	Yes	ü	Yes

1 GHz Oscilloscopes	Tektronix		Agilent		LeCroy
	DPO4104		DSO7104A		WaveSurfer 104MXs-A
Bandwidth		1 GHz		1 GHz		1 GHz
Sample Rate (Per Ch)	ü	5 GS/s	X	2 GS/s	ü	5 GS/s
Sample Rate (Max	ü	5 GS/s	X	4 GS/s	ü	5 GS/s
Standard Memory (Per Ch)	ü	10 Mpts/ch	X	4 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch
Standard Memory (Max)	ü	10 Mpts/ch	X	8 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch
Memory with Option (Per Ch)	ü	10 Mpts/ch	X	4 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch
Memory with Option (Max)	ü	10 Mpts/ch	X	8 Mpts/ch	ü	10 Mpts/ch
Display Size	X	10.4″	ü	12.1″	ü	10.4″
Touch Screen	X	No	X	No	ü	Yes
Waveform Search	ü	Yes	X	No	ü	Yes
Report Generator	X	No	X	No	ü	Yes
MSO Available	ü	Yes	ü	Yes	ü	Yes

(Courtesy of Phil Vogel)

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